Animal and Human Welfare and Ethics

Adhere to the principles of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) to minimize animal usage and suffering.

For Human studies, adhere to the principles of Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans – TCPS 2 T2CP.

Ensure appropriate monitoring of animal welfare throughout the study and use humane endpoints to minimize distress as per Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) guidelines.